Tóm tắt Luận án Improving the organization of accounting work in the design consultancy joint stock companies of Vietnam

Nội dung tài liệu: Tóm tắt Luận án Improving the organization of accounting work in the design consultancy joint stock companies of Vietnam

1. INTRODUCTION 1. The rationale of the dissertation. Accounting plays a particularly important role in corporate finance activities as well as financial activities of all units in the economy, especially in the context of economic integration with highly demanding requirements of management and supervision of financial and economic information. Along with economic innovation, Vietnam's accounting system has been dramatically reformed, gradually approaching and integrating with international principles, precedents and standards. Accounting information is one of the leading standards to ensure the safety and ability to bring success to business decisions. To improve the efficiency of using capital in businesses, it is required that corporations have a system of economic and financial management tools. It is the accounting system. Accounting is an important and indispensable tool in the process of an organization’s operation management. Accounting is a tool used to manage and supervise all economic and financial activities effectively, providing adequate, honest, timely, public and transparent information of units, especially for Vietnam design consultancy joint-stock companies, an economic organization which has specific economic relations with different scales and diversified fields of activity which requires accounting work to be organized scientifically and rationally. In addition, for the purposes of international accounting integration, it is required that accounting must be completed to ensure transparent information for domestic and foreign partners. The jobs of accountants not only means recording, processing data and preparing financial statements but also analyzing, designing and evaluating systems of accounting information. Vietnam design consultancy joint-stock companies are a specific type of business which provides designing consultancy services for the construction industry. These companies play an important role in designing a system of facilities and technical infrastructure for the development of the economy.
2. The growth rate in the field of construction designing consultancy has remained at a relatively high level, positively contributing to GDP in recent years, the quality of human resources has been basically improved. Domestic enterprises have been able to design, construct, manage and operate many large-scale and complex projects at regional and international levels, the integration ability of human resources for designing consultancy has also improved considerably as more and more Vietnamese technical and managerial staff have participated in FDI design consultancy enterprises and vice versa foreign technical experts participate in design consultancy enterprises of Vietnam. However, besides the achieved results, the central issue of Vietnamese designing consultancy firms is the organization of management, especially the organization of accounting work. How to organize accounting work in accordance with the company operations is one of the important factors helping businesses operate effectively and create prestige in the marketplace. Therefore, it is necessary to research and improve the organization of accounting work at Vietnamese design consulting companies, which is both theoretically and practically meaningful. For the above reasons, the researcher would like to choose the topic "Improving the organization of accounting work in the design consultancy joint stock companies of Vietnam" as the title of the dissertation to supplement theories and improve the practices of organizing accounting work at the current joint stock design consultancy companies in Vietnam. The structure of the dissertation Besides the introduction, appendix and conclusion, the dissertation basically consists of three chapters: Chapter 1: The basic theory of organization of accounting work in enterprises Chapter 2: Actual situation of organizing accounting work in Vietnam Design Consulting Joint Stock Companies
3. Chapter 3: Solutions to improve accounting organization in Vietnam Design Consultancy Joint Stock Companies
4. CHAPTER 1 LITERATURES OF ORGANIZATION OF ACCOUNTING WORK IN ENTERPRISES 1.1. Overview of accounting and accounting organization in the enterprise 1.1.1. The basics of accounting in the enterprise 1.1.1.1. Accounting concepts Accounting was born in association with the process of social reproduction and inevitably development in all socio-economic models. Production in the society is growing, the level of science and technology is higher and higher, the requirements of organization and management are higher and more perfect. Therefore, accounting is increasingly developing both in form and method of organization to meet the management requirements of the businesses. Accounting is a process of measuring, processing and providing useful information for making managerial decisions of businesses. Currently, there are many different perceptions and concepts about accounting such as the concepts of the International Accounting Federation (IFAC), the Accounting Law No. 03/2003 / QH11, the universities and so on. According to the International Accounting Federation (IFAC): Accounting is the art of copying, classifying, and synthesizing transactions and events in terms of money, that have at least a part of its nature of finance and present its results. Article 3 of Accounting Law No. 88/2015 / QH13: Accounting is the collection, processing, inspection, analysis and provision of economic and financial information in the form of values, in kinds and working hours. According to the Financial Accounting course book of the Academy of Finance, published in 2011: Accounting is the collection, processing, testing, analysis and provision of economic and financial information in the form of value, in kind and working hours.
5. Although accounting concepts are different, they share the same general conclusion that accounting is an indispensable tool in economic management; accounting is the science of processing and providing all information on assets and the movement of assets, economic and financial activities in the enterprise, in order to inspect and supervise all economic and financial activities of the enterprise. 1.1.1.2. The approaches of accounting In the economic management system, accounting as a management tool is directly governed by two basic factors: objects of economic management and subjects of economic management. Through studying the above accounting approaches, the accounting concept can be generalized. “Accounting is a tool to manage, supervise closely and effectively all economic and financial activities, provide sufficient, honest, timely, public and transparent information, meet the requirements of organization and management of state agencies, enterprises, organizations and individuals. " Accounting can be classified according to different criteria, helping us to be aware of the contents, purposes and scopes of each accounting type. 1.1.1.3. Assumptions, concepts and accounting principles 1.1.2. Fundamentals of organization of accounting work in enterprises The concept of "Organization" is understood as two or more people working or coordinating to achieve a common outcome. Organization consists of many components such as objectives, types of organization, methods, human resources, means, time and supervision. Organization of accounting work is considered to be an important task in the process of performing accounting work at accounting units in order to assist the collection, processing, analysis and provision of information for financial and economic management. 1.1.2.1. The approaches of organizing accounting work in the enterprise Approach perspectives on the organization of accounting work may vary, but essentially aim at organizing an accounting system with elements that are
6. inseparably linked between the elements forming the nature of accounting, in order to well perform the functions of accounting by the system of accounting methods in specific environments and contexts associated with the accounting apparatus and accountants. From the above points of view, as far as the researcher is concerned, the organization of accounting work in accounting units should be understood as a system of elements including: Organization of the accounting apparatus, application of accounting methods, calculation techniques, application of accounting regimes and rules, assignment of humans responsible for specific accounting work, application of suitable accounting methods in connection with the requirements of receiving, processing, analyzing and providing financial and economic information, suitable to the specific characteristics of the unit in order to meet the information requirements for the management of the unit. Therefore, the researcher would like to focus on analyzing the contents of organizing accounting work according to the second approach: "Organizing accounting work based on the viewpoint of applying accounting methods" as a theoretical basis of organizing accounting work in this chapter. 1.1.2.2. Tasks of organizing accounting work in enterprises 1.1.2.3. Principles of organizing accounting work in enterprises 1.2. The contents of organization of accounting work in the enterprise 1.2.1. Organizing the accounting apparatus in the enterprise Accounting organization is currently performed under three procedures: + Procedures of centralized accounting work; + Procedures of decentralized accounting work; + Procedures of combination of both centralized and decentralized accounting work. Each of the above procedure is performed by the corresponding accounting apparatus. 1.2.2. Organization of initial information collection
7. Accounting documents are papers and materials reflecting economic and financial transactions that have arisen and completed, serving as a basis for recording in accounting books. 1.2.3. Organization of processing accounting information. Organization of application of account system refers to the use of accounts based on promulgating regimes and applying regimes to the accounting units. The system of accounts is an important component of the whole accounting system. For organizing accounting books, businesses need to organize the application of accounting procedures rational to the reality at the unit. Some common procedures are often applied by enterprises as follows: - Ledger diary accounting procedures. - Book entry voucher accounting procedures. - Accounting form of General Journal. - Form of accounting vouchers. - Form of computerized accounting books. 1.2.4. Organization of accounting inspection Accounting review is an important content for accounting work in accordance with the right requirements, tasks and functions in order to provide accurate, complete and reliable accounting information in a timely manner, so it must be conducted regularly under the prescribed regimes. Accounting inspection results must be presented in minutes or in reports. The accounting inspection work in enterprises includes: - Checking the implementation of accounting work. - Checking the organization of the accounting apparatus and accountants. - Checking the organization of management and accounting profession. - Examining the compliance of law provisions on accounting. 1.2.5. Organization of financial reporting system According to the current accounting regime, the reports that enterprises must make periodically include:
8. - Balance sheets. - Income statements. - Statements of cash flows. - Notes to the financial statements. 1.2.6. Organization of accounting information analysis In order to meet the needs of using information of the interested parties, in addition to the task of organizing, presenting and providing accounting information, the accounting apparatus need to analyze financial data. In order to make the analysis effective and useful, the analysis must be done scientifically and rationally according to particular types of businesses with their own characteristics. In general, these are often conducted through the following steps: - Making plans - Implementing the analysis - Reporting results of analysis 1.3. Background literatures and factors affecting the organization of accounting work It is essential to study to improve the organization of accounting work in the enterprise. Therefore, the researcher focused on analyzing factors that govern the organization of accounting work for proper orientations. The previous studies were based on a few empirical theories to discover the influencing factors on the organization of accounting work. 1.3.1. The foundational theories used in the research 1.3.1.1. Information Theory 1.3.1.2. Asymmetric information theory 1.3.1.3. Representative theory 1.3.2. Factors explored by previous studies 1.3.2.1. The characteristics of business organization and management organization of the enterprise
9. 1.3.2.2. The legal framework of accounting governing the organization of accounting work at the enterprise 1.3.2.3. Accounting apparatus affecting the quality of accounting organization 1.3.2.4. The level of business owners’ concerns affecting the quality of organization of accounting work 1.3.2.5. Facilities affecting the quality of organization of accounting work CONCLUSIONS OF CHAPTER 1 Chapter 1 has generalized the general issues of accounting and organization of accounting work in the enterprise, especially centralized into the basic contents of the organization of accounting work in the enterprise, such as the organization of accounting apparatus; organizing the system of accounting documents; organizing the application of the account system; organizing the accounting book system, organizing the preparation and analysis of accounting reports, organizing the accounting inspection and organizing the application of information technology in accounting work. In chapter 1, the researcher has also clarified the effects of different types of the joint-stock companies on the organization of accounting work in each unit, international experience in accounting performance in JSCs and lessons learned for Vietnam Design Consulting JSC These scientific findings will be the basis for the PhD students to survey and evaluate the current situation of the organization of accounting work at Vietnamese design and consulting joint stock companies in Chapter 2, from which solutions to improve the effectiveness of this work at the unit are recommended.
10. CHAPTER 2 PRACTICES OF ORGANIZATION OF ACCOUNTING WORK IN VIETNAMESE DESIGN CONSULTANCY JOINT STOCK COMPANY 2.1. General overview of design consulting joint-stock companies in Vietnam 2.1.1. The history of establishement and development of design consulting joint- stock companies in Vietnam 2.1.2. The process of implementing design consultancy services in design consulting firms of Vietnam 2.1.3. Characteristics of design consultancy activities affecting the organization of accounting work in Vietnamese design and consulting joint stock companies 2.1.4. Situation of Vietnam's legal framework on accounting affects the organization of accounting work in Vietnam's design consulting joint stock companies 22. 2.2. PRACTICES OF ORGANIZATION OF ACCOUNTING WORK AT VIETNAMESE DESIGN CONSULTANCY JOINT STOCK COMPANY 2.2.1. Actual practices of organizing the accounting apparatus in Vietnam design consulting joint stock companies A survey of companies on the selection of the organizational structure of the accounting apparatus shows that most companies have organized their accounting systems in a concentrated form shown in Table 2.2 below. Table 2.1: the applied organizational structure of accounting apparatus organizational structure of seperated mixed accounting apparatus concentrated